Comprehensive treatment of bronchopleural fistulas is a staged surgical approach to close the abnormal communication between the airway and the pleural space, causing infection and impairing respiratory function. This condition occurs in patients following lung surgery, trauma, or severe inflammatory diseases. Fistula does not allow the lung to fully expand, and pus accumulates in the thoracic cavity. Treatment is performed in several stages: cavity lavage, fistula closure using the patient’s own tissues, and restoration of chest integrity.