Bone marrow transplantation is a high-tech medical procedure that infuses healthy blood-forming stem cells to restore the hematopoietic and immune systems in case of blood disorders, oncology, and hereditary diseases. The procedure is required for severe conditions such as leukemia, lymphoma, aplastic anemia, congenital immunodeficiency, and certain hereditary disorders. Prior to transplantation, the patient undergoes chemotherapy or radiation therapy to destroy the diseased bone marrow. Healthy stem cells are administered intravenously, similarly to a blood transfusion. After infusion, the transplanted cells travel to the bone marrow and start producing new blood cells.