Intrauterine treatment of hydrocephalus is a procedure which involves placing a shunt to drain excess fluid from the fetal brain ventricles to reduce intracranial pressure and allow brain development, performed through a puncture in the mother’s abdomen. The procedure is performed under ultrasound guidance or using endoscopic techniques, during which either excess fluid is drained or new pathways for its outflow are created. The treatment strategy is chosen upon thorough diagnostic evaluation (fetal ultrasound, MRI) taking into account gestational age, type and severity of hydrocephalus, and the presence of other severe conditions.